The Real Price of a Cheap T-Shirt
An opinion article on the environmental and human cost of fast fashion, and what each person can do about it.
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1Last month I counted the clothes in my and found more than a dozen items I had worn only once or twice. Some still had their price tags attached. I was not proud of the discovery, but I suspect I am not unusual. Over the past few decades, clothing has become so cheap and so quickly replaced that many of us now treat it almost as a product. This is the world of fast fashion, and its true price is far higher than the figure on the label.
2The business model is simple. Instead of releasing a few collections a year, many now introduce new designs every few weeks, copying the latest trends and producing them at very low cost. Shoppers are encouraged to return again and again, afraid of missing out. The result is that people buy more clothes than ever before while wearing each item fewer times.
3The environmental cost begins long before a reaches the shop. Growing cotton requires large quantities of water, often in regions where water is already . Many cheap clothes, however, are not made of cotton at all but of polyester, a fabric produced from oil. Every time these clothes are washed, they shed tiny plastic fibres that can pass through water treatment systems and end up in rivers and oceans. And when we tire of them, a large proportion are thrown away, ending up in sites or being burned rather than reused.
4There is a human cost too. To keep prices low, much clothing is manufactured in countries where are low and working conditions can be poor. The people who sew our clothes often work long hours for very little money. When we pay surprisingly little for a shirt, it is worth asking who paid the difference.
5Defenders of fast fashion make a fair point: cheap clothing allows families with limited budgets to dress well, and the industry provides millions of jobs. I do not believe the answer is to make clothes unaffordable or to shame people who buy them. The problem is not that clothing is accessible, but that we have been taught to see it as worthless.
6Fortunately, the solutions are within reach of almost everyone. We can buy fewer items and choose ones that will last. We can repair a torn instead of throwing a away, swap clothes with friends, or shop second-hand. Before buying anything new, I now ask myself a simple question: will I wear this at least thirty times? Surprisingly often, the honest answer is no, and the item goes back on the rail.
📘 Glossary
- wardrobe - a cupboard for clothes
- disposable - made to be thrown away after use
- retailers - companies that sell goods to the public
- garment - a piece of clothing
- scarce - hard to find; in short supply
- synthetic - made by people, not natural
- landfill - a place where rubbish is buried
- wages - money paid for work
- seam - the line where two pieces of cloth are sewn together
Questions
Purpose and structure
1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?Finding details
2. Complete the sentence: According to paragraph 2, instead of releasing a few collections a year, many retailers now ________.Finding details
3. According to paragraph 3, what happens when synthetic clothes are washed?Finding details
4. Give TWO environmental costs of fast fashion mentioned in paragraph 3.Making inferences
5. What does the writer suggest with the question "who paid the difference" in paragraph 4?Purpose and structure
6. What is the purpose of paragraph 5?Reference words
7. What does the word 'it' in paragraph 5 ("to see it as worthless") refer to?Making inferences
8. Why does the writer ask the question "will I wear this at least thirty times?" before buying something new?Fact, opinion and stance
9. What is the writer's attitude towards people who buy cheap clothing?
✍️ Writing task
Your school is organising a clothes swap day, where students bring clothes they no longer wear and exchange them. Write an article for the school website persuading students to take part. Use ideas from the text and give reasons of your own.
140–160 words
0 words
Answer every question to get a score (0/9)